BIOTECHNOLOGY AND ITS APPLICATION in 1 Shot || All Concepts & PYQs Covered || Prachand NEET

The speaker introduces herself as an MBBS MS practicing doctor specializing in infertility and biology. Topics like plant tissue culture and micropropagation are discussed.

Importance of focusing on NEET exam preparation over the next three months, emphasizing discipline, stress management, and health tips like eating bananas for acidity.

Advice on stress relief, diet modifications like consuming bananas for acidity, and maintaining discipline for effective study habits.

Suggestions on including cashews, almonds, raisins, and walnuts in the diet for nutritional benefits. Tips on managing food preferences in hostels or using kitchen facilities for healthy cooking.

Discusses the importance of eating healthy, including avoiding unhealthy snacks like salty biscuits and incorporating rice, nuts, and fruits in the diet for better health.

Provides tips on cooking rice with minimal salt and oil, adding spices and nuts to the diet, and the benefits of eating a light dinner for overall well-being.

Emphasizes the need for a regular schedule, including consuming cardamom rice, curd rice, and having a cup of tea or coffee for good health.

Addresses common health problems like headaches, suggesting remedies such as eye check-ups, wearing glasses, and avoiding screen time in dim light to reduce headaches and migraines.

Explains the production of drugs like insulin, stimulating hormones, and injections through biotechnology, highlighting the significance of genetic modification and processed foods in medical research.

The speaker delves into the use of bio-fertilizers such as nitrogen fixers in the context of welfare botany.

The speaker explains the concept of organic farming, emphasizing the use of living organisms like bacteria in soil and roots of plants.

Details about the Green Revolution around the mid-1960s, its impact on crop production, and the key figures associated with it like Norman Borlaug and M. S. Swaminathan.

Discusses the challenge of feeding a growing population with a focus on the need for better management practices, chemical usage, and the impact on yield and breeding.

Explanation of plant tissues, growth regulators, and their role in plant development, including the concept of tissue culture.

Dive into the concept of cell division, differentiation, and the role of cytokinetics in the formation of various tissue systems like epidermal, vascular, and ground tissues.

Illustration of how plant tissues can be developed using micropropagation techniques in a lab setting to create new plants.

Discussion on the process of micropropagation, its potential to produce a large number of plants quickly, and its application in creating thousands of plants efficiently.

The process of tissue culture discussed in detail, focusing on micropropagation, its advantages, feasibility, and outcomes.

Explanation of cloning in plant tissue culture, including creating clones of plants using tissue culture techniques.

Discussions on meristem culture, its significance, and applications in plant tissue culture for creating new plants.

The discussion covers the harmful effects of maximum yield on the environment and the solution offered through genetically modified organisms (GMOs). The concept of genetic manipulation through the insertion of specific genes, like bacterial genes, is highlighted.

Explanation of modifying genes to improve growth, nutrient content, and stress tolerance in plants, using genetic engineering techniques to enhance crop characteristics like Vitamin A enrichment in rice.

Details on enhancing crops with Vitamin A to address deficiencies and prevent diseases like night blindness, emphasizing the importance of Golden Rice in providing essential nutrients.

Discussion on developing pest-resistant plants using genetic modification to combat pests like the Cotton Bollworm, showcasing the potential of biotechnological solutions.

Exploration of producing toxic proteins through genetic modification to target and kill insects that threaten crops, focusing on the development of Bt proteins.

Bacteria store proteins inside themselves when they become spores. When an insect eats bacteria, the protein from the bacteria enters the insect's gut, leading to the production of toxins.

Toxins are produced in the gut of the cotton bollworm when it consumes bacteria. These toxins play a crucial role in the insect's physiology and defense mechanisms.

Scientists engineer bacteria to produce proteins that can be ingested by insects, leading to genetic modification in the insect's gut. This process involves transferring desired genes into bacteria and then into the insect, altering its cellular functions.

Understanding insect orders and selecting specific genes allows for targeted pest control. Different genes are used to target specific insects, such as houseflies and beetles, by disrupting their cellular processes.

Discusses how infection affects the roots of tobacco plants and the consequences on growth and development.

Explains the presence of specific genes in nematodes and their role in protein formation.

Discusses the structure of DNA strands, transcription, and the process of forming mRNA.

Explains the role of proteins in the growth and development of nematodes.

Discusses the interference with RNA and protein formation to inhibit growth.

Explores the implications of protein dysfunction on growth and survival.

Describes the process of artificial genetic modification to alter gene expression in plants.

Explains the manipulation of RNA strands to influence protein synthesis and growth.

Discussion on mobile genetic and its implications in recent years.

Explanation of translation inhibition and RNA intermediates and their role in stopping translation to prevent protein formation.

Blocking gene expression in nematodes to change roots to stems and leaves in cognizance of tobacco plants.

Silencing eukaryotic mRNA to stop translation and induce silence in a manner that affects protein synthesis.

Explanation of using Agrobacterial TI plasmid for DNA transfer to create antisense and sense RNA to silence particular mRNA in host cells.

Discussion on the production of human insulin through genetic engineering and its implications in medicine.

Plasmids are used as vectors to insert foreign DNA, such as recombinant DNA, into bacteria like E. coli.

Challenges faced in producing insulin due to the need to avoid complete gene insertion to prevent overproduction.

The formation of A and B chains separately and their combination through bond formation to create mature insulin.

A case study of an American company that successfully engineered genes for A and B chains separately and then combined them to produce insulin.

The concept of gene therapy and its potential to replace defective genes in individuals through the delivery of functional genes.

Application of gene therapy in treating genetic disorders like ADA deficiency through the delivery of functional genes.

Manipulation of genes to produce enzymes for medical purposes and the importance of enzyme replacement therapy in curing genetic disorders.

The role of bone marrow cells in producing platelets and the potential for bone marrow change to treat disorders by changing original cells.

इस भाग में जीन थेरेपी और एनसीआरटी के विभिन्न विवादित पहलुओं पर चर्चा की गई है। जीन थेरेपी के दौरान रेट्रोवायरस और आरएनए के अंदर डीएनए का उपयोग कैसे होता है इस पर प्रकाश डाला गया है।

इस अध्याय में जीन थेरेपी की प्रक्रिया और जेनेटिकल इंजीनियरिंग के महत्वपूर्ण तत्वों पर चर्चा की गई है। लिंफोसाइट्स के अंदर विभिन्न जीनों को कैसे डाला जाता है और इसके प्रभाव इन पर विचार किया गया है।

इस अध्याय में शिशु के विकास की प्रक्रिया पर चर्चा की गई है। जीन थेरेपी के माध्यम से डायग्नोसिस और उपचार की प्रक्रिया को संसाधित करने के लिए इस विषय पर ध्यान दिया गया है।

The process involves genetic engineering of lymphocytes indicating the potential for treatment but not immunity.

Discussing the diagnosis process related to diseases such as malaria, typhoid, and physical infections through blood, urine, serum, sputum, and stool tests.

Exploring conventional and modern diagnostic techniques for diseases, focusing on diseases with low concentration and no symptoms.

Explanation of HIV DNA sequencing process using primers to detect the virus.

Utilizing PCR to amplify tuberculosis for early diagnosis and treatment planning.

Utilizing radiography to detect gene mutations and differentiate between normal and mutated genes.

Explanation of the process of creating complementary single-stranded DNA using radioactively active material for complementation.

Using probes to identify gene mutations through the complementarity of single-stranded DNA or RNA.

Discussion on the immunosorbent assay technique to identify HIV antigens and antibodies in blood samples.

When the substrate changes in the product, it turns blue, indicating the presence of antigen such as HIV. The more antigen present, the more antibodies stick, and the more intense the color.

Detection of antigen or antibody in blood samples through enzyme-linked reactions. Washing removes antibodies, and substrate addition determines color change depending on the presence of antigen.

Explanation of the interaction between antigen and antibody, emphasizing the principles of antigen-antibody interaction and the diagnosis process through detecting antigens and antibodies in blood samples.

Introduction to transgenic animals and the manipulation of DNA to introduce foreign genes, leading to the production of various transgenic animals like rabbits, pigs, sheep, cows, fish, and rats for scientific research and medical purposes.

Discussion on the genetic modification of animals, including the insertion of genes related to insulin-like growth factor and disease-causing genes. Safety testing for toxic chemicals before introducing transgenic animals, followed by vaccine development and clinical trials.

Discussion on genetic modification in animals and its applications in research and product development.

Creating a transgenic cow for enhanced milk production and protein synthesis.

Using genetically modified animals for treatments of diseases like cystic fibrosis.

Exploring ethical and regulatory issues in biotechnology, genetic engineering, and designer babies.

Discussion on patents, manipulation of living organisms, and the importance of research and innovation.

Discusses the importance of protecting intellectual property rights to prevent illegal activities and ensure fair compensation for innovations.

Explains the concept of biopiracy and the ethical implications of unauthorized use of natural resources and innovations without compensation or permission.

Explores the role of research and development initiatives in genetic modification, patenting of products like rice, turmeric, and neem, and the regulatory frameworks governing genetic engineering.

Discussion on the properties of insulin and its connection to DNA genetic engineering.

Emphasis on the importance of health and the need to pay attention to certain aspects.

Explanation of Skid disease and its treatment.

Details about pro insulin, its formation, and relevance in health.

Discussion on genetic engineering, cancer treatment, and common concepts in the field.

Insights into the production of insulin and its significance.

Explanation of bioresources, biopiracy, patents, and their significance in genetic engineering.