D and F block elements | 30+ PYQ | Class 12 Chemistry | CBSE Board 2024-25| Sourabh Raina

Updated: February 24, 2025

Sourabh Raina


Summary

The video delves into discussing electronic configurations of transition metals such as copper 2+ and zinc, highlighting the significance of fully filled d orbitals in Zn2+ and complexities arising from unpaired electrons in Cu2+. It explains the varying oxidation states of lanthanoid and actinoid elements, emphasizing the higher oxidation states of actinoids due to a narrower energy gap. The discussion covers topics like coloration of ions, metallic bonding, catalytic behavior of transition metals, and balancing redox reactions in acidic media, providing an insightful exploration of transition metal chemistry and its diverse properties.


Introduction to Short Answer Type Questions

Discussing the short answer type questions related to electronic configurations of copper 2+, zinc, and other elements.

Electronic Configuration of Zn2+

Explaining the complete fill of d orbitals in Zn2+ and crystal field splitting. Transition mismatch leads to complex formation in Cu2+ due to one unpaired electron.

Oxidation State Question 2014

Focus on the oxidation state question regarding lanthanoid elements such as the +7 state of X4 F7 6s 2.

Question on Actinoids

Discussing the reason for actinoids having higher oxidation states compared to lanthanoids due to the narrow energy gap.

Naming Element of Lanthanoid Series

Identifying the element that gives a +4 oxidation state according to the 2014 question.

Electronic Configuration of Cobalt

Determining the electronic configuration of cobalt and its change upon removal of electrons.

Short Answer Type Question - Atomic Number 27

Looking into the electronic configuration of atomic number 27 (Cobalt, Co).

Discussion on Mn2O3 and Mn2O7

Explaining the nature of Mn2O3 as a basic compound and Mn2O7 as an acidic one.

Properties of Copper Ions in Aquaeous Solutions

Comparing the stability of copper ions +1 and +2 in aqueous solutions based on their reduction potentials.

Transition Metals

Discussing transition metals and their properties related to unpaired electrons and bond formation, leading to strong metallic bonds.

Chemical Equation Balancing

Balancing chemical equations involving manganese compounds in acidic medium, showcasing the usage of strong oxidants and the resulting products.

Transition Metal Exhibition State

Exploring the exhibition state of transition metals, focusing on their orbitals and involvement in bond formation.

Catalyst Behavior

Understanding the catalytic behavior of transition metals and their role in stabilizing intermediate compounds.

Metallic Strength and Electron Configuration

Examining the metallic strength based on the number of unpaired electrons and their impact on properties like melting and boiling points.

Color in Ions

Discussing the coloration of ions in aqueous solutions and the role of partially filled d orbitals in exhibiting color.

Reduction and Oxidation

Explaining reduction and oxidation processes in metallic elements and the conversion between different oxidation states.

Chapter: वेयर एज

Summary of the content related to the topic of wear age.

Chapter: कलरलेस एंड y

Explains colorless and y among the topics discussed.

Chapter: इलेक्ट्रॉनिक कॉन्फ़िगरेशन

Discussion on electronic configuration and related concepts.

Chapter: अनपेयर्ड इलेक्ट्रॉन और कलर्ड होगा

Explanation of unpaired electrons leading to colored substances.

Chapter: मच मोर रेजिस्टेंट देन द fe2

Discussion on the reaction involving mach more resistant denoting fe2.

Chapter: एक्सप्लेन द मेथड ऑफ रिप्रेजेंटिंग ऑक्सीडेशन

Explanation of the method of representing oxidation involving ferrous salts by the dy chromate ion 219.

Chapter: कंप्लीट द

Explains the completion process including mno2.

Introduction to Transition Series

Discussing the transition series including 3d, 4d, and 5d series and their characteristics.

Transition Series and Metallic Bonding

Exploring metallic bonding and its relation to unpaired electrons in metals.

Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR)

Understanding the VSEPR theory and its application to metals in the second and third series.

Electronic Configurations and Effects

Examining the electronic configurations of metals in the 4d and 5d series and the impact of nuclear charge.

Enthalpy of Atomization and Metallic Bonding

Discussing the enthalpy of atomization in the context of metallic bonding and its impact on bonding strength.

Copper Exception and Enthalpy of Atomization

Highlighting the exceptional positive nature of copper and its high enthalpy of atomization compared to other elements.

Oxidation States and Actinoids

Exploring the complex nature of actinoids with high oxidation states and their radioactive properties.

Manganese Oxide and Oxidation

Examining the formation of manganese oxide and its oxidation process in acidic medium.

Redox Potential and Oxidation States

Discussing the redox potential and oxidation states with a focus on electron exchange and energy levels.

Hydrogen Balance

Discussion on balancing the hydrogen atoms in the chemical equation by adding electrons to achieve a balanced charge.

Oxidation of H2S

Explanation of the oxidation of H2S and balancing the charges by adding electrons to both sides of the equation.

Formation of Cr2O7^2-

Demonstration of adding electrons to balance the charges in the formation of dichromate ion (Cr2O7^2-).

Reaction and Disproportionation

Analyzing the reaction and disproportionation process of Cr3+ ions to form Cr2O7^2-.

Magnesium Ion in Acidic Medium

Discussion on the behavior of magnesium ions in acidic medium and the formation of permanganate ions.

Oxidation and Reduction

Explanation of the oxidation and reduction processes, along with the changes in oxidation numbers.

Disproportionation of Dysprosium Magnesium Ion

Understanding the disproportionation of dysprosium magnesium ions in an acidic medium.


FAQ

Q: What is the significance of the electronic configurations of copper 2+ and zinc in relation to crystal field splitting?

A: The electronic configurations of copper 2+ and zinc illustrate complete fill of d orbitals in Zn2+ and crystal field splitting in Cu2+, leading to complex formation in Cu2+.

Q: Explain the reason for actinoids having higher oxidation states compared to lanthanoids.

A: Actinoids have higher oxidation states due to the narrow energy gap present in their orbital structure compared to lanthanoids.

Q: How do transition metals like copper show different stability in aqueous solutions based on their oxidation states?

A: Transition metals like copper show different stability in aqueous solutions based on their reduction potentials, with Cu+1 and Cu+2 demonstrating varying stability levels.

Q: What is the nature of Mn2O3 and Mn2O7 compounds?

A: Mn2O3 is considered a basic compound, while Mn2O7 is an acidic compound.

Q: Discuss the properties of transition metals related to unpaired electrons and bond formation.

A: Transition metals exhibit properties such as the presence of unpaired electrons and the ability to form strong metallic bonds.

Q: How can the stability of transition metal compounds be explained based on the number of unpaired electrons?

A: The stability of transition metal compounds can be understood based on the number of unpaired electrons, which impacts properties like melting and boiling points.

Q: Explain the role of partially filled d orbitals in transition metals in exhibiting color in aqueous solutions.

A: Partially filled d orbitals in transition metals play a crucial role in exhibiting color in aqueous solutions due to their ability to undergo electronic transitions.

Q: What is the VSEPR theory and how is it relevant to metals in the second and third series?

A: The VSEPR theory is a model used to predict the geometry of molecules, including metal complexes in the second and third series of transition metals.

Q: Discuss the enthalpy of atomization and its impact on metallic bonding strength.

A: The enthalpy of atomization plays a role in determining the bonding strength of metals through metallic bonding, with copper known for its exceptional positive nature in this regard.

Q: Explain the process of balancing hydrogen atoms in a chemical equation by adding electrons.

A: Balancing hydrogen atoms in a chemical equation involves adding electrons to achieve a balanced charge on both sides.

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