Esfuerzos normal y cortante generado por carga axial o transversal

Updated: November 17, 2024

dcahue-ingeniería


Summary

The video introduces axial stress and its representation through sigma, emphasizing conditions and methods for determining this normal stress in structures. It discusses the uniformity of axial stress across a cross-sectional area, regardless of its size, and its relationship to deformation and deflection. The distinction between axial stress and shear stress is explained, showcasing applications in elements like bolts and links. Additionally, the video covers stress-strain diagrams for different materials, highlighting behaviors, and practical implications for design considerations in engineering.


Introduction to Axial Stress

Introduction to axial stress and its representation through sigma. Conditions for determining axial stress include perpendicular load to the cross-sectional area. Axial stress is also known as normal stress.

Obtaining Axial Stress

Methods and conditions for obtaining axial stress. Axial stress as an average stress that remains constant across the entire cross-sectional area. Explanation of stress distributions and the significance of axial stress.

Importance of Cross-Sectional Area

Importance of the cross-sectional area in determining axial stress. The uniformity of axial stress regardless of the area size. The relationship between stress magnitude and cross-sectional area.

Deformation and Flexion

Discussion on deformation, deflection, and axial stress in relation to cross-sectional area. Understanding the concept of deformation unitary and its calculation. Relationship between stress, deformation, and modulus of elasticity.

Shear Stress

Introduction to shear stress and its representation. Differentiation between axial stress and shear stress based on the orientation of the load. Explanation of shear stress in a bolt subjected to perpendicular forces.

Analysis of Different Elements

Discusses the analysis of different elements like bolts and links in terms of axial stress, shear stress, and normal stress.

Representation of Bolts

Shows the representation of bolts through diagrams, illustrating axial forces and reactions.

Single Shear and Double Shear

Explains the concepts of single shear and double shear in bolt configurations, emphasizing the distribution of forces.

Stress-Strain Diagrams

Introduces stress-strain diagrams for low-carbon steel and aluminum alloys, highlighting differences in behavior and curves.

Proportional Behavior and Yield Point

Explains the proportional behavior in stress-strain diagrams, the concept of yield point, and the significance of the elastic limit.

Failure and Deformation Behavior

Discusses the behavior of materials in terms of ductile and brittle characteristics, with examples and implications for design.

Mechanical Properties of Materials

Covers the mechanical properties of ductile and brittle materials, emphasizing deformations, failure, and strain differences.

Applications of Plastic Deformation

Explains the practical applications of plastic deformation, particularly in sheet metal operations and design considerations.


FAQ

Q: What is axial stress and how is it represented through sigma?

A: Axial stress is also known as normal stress and it is the average stress that remains constant across the entire cross-sectional area. It is represented through the symbol sigma.

Q: What are the conditions for determining axial stress?

A: The conditions include having a perpendicular load to the cross-sectional area.

Q: What is the importance of the cross-sectional area in determining axial stress?

A: The cross-sectional area plays a crucial role in determining axial stress as it influences the distribution of the stress magnitude.

Q: How do deformation, deflection, and axial stress relate to cross-sectional area?

A: Deformation, deflection, and axial stress are interconnected with the cross-sectional area as they impact the stress distribution and behavior of materials.

Q: Explain the concept of shear stress and how it differs from axial stress.

A: Shear stress is the stress created by forces acting parallel to the material cross-section, while axial stress is caused by forces perpendicular to the cross-section. They differ in orientation of the load that generates them.

Q: What is the relationship between stress, deformation, and modulus of elasticity?

A: Stress, deformation, and modulus of elasticity are related through Hooke's Law, which states that stress is proportional to strain within the elastic limit, with the proportionality constant being the modulus of elasticity.

Q: What are the stress-strain diagrams used for low-carbon steel and aluminum alloys for?

A: These diagrams illustrate the behavior of materials under stress, showing differences in behavior, such as the yield point and the distinction between ductile and brittle characteristics.

Q: Can you explain the significance of elastic limit in stress-strain diagrams?

A: The elastic limit indicates the point beyond which the material will no longer return to its original shape after the stress is removed. It marks the boundary between elastic and plastic deformation.

Q: How do ductile and brittle materials differ in terms of mechanical properties and behavior?

A: Ductile materials exhibit significant plastic deformation before failure, while brittle materials fail suddenly with minimal deformation. These differences have implications for design and material selection.

Q: What are the practical applications of plastic deformation, particularly in sheet metal operations?

A: Plastic deformation in materials like sheet metal allows for shaping and forming without fracturing. It is crucial in manufacturing processes where material flexibility is required.

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